![]() Due to the complex regulation of digital blood flow, the mechanism leading to Raynaud’s varies depending on the underlying aetiology. Multiple conditions can be associated with Raynaud phenomenon. There is no underlying disorder and it usually presents between 15-30 years of age and is more common in women. Primary Raynaud phenomenon is thought to be an exaggerated response to cold temperatures. Secondary: Raynaud phenomenon in association with an underlying disorder (e.g.Primary: Raynaud phenomenon without an underlying disorder (i.e.Raynaud phenomenon may be divided into primary or secondary: Raynaud phenomenon may be primary or secondary. These can include disrupted endothelial function, altered microvasculature and altered expression of chemical mediators. Other mechanisms involved in regulation of skin blood vessels may be affected in patients with secondary Raynaud phenomenon that is linked to an underlying disorder (see aetiology). Those with Raynaud phenomenon have a more exaggerated response leading to vasospasm and a dramatic fall in blood flow to the fingers and/or toes. Cold weather leads to activation of vasoconstriction through increasing the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to noradrenaline. Thermoregulation of the skin is primarily controlled by reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system due to the direct effect of cold temperature on cutaneous vessels. nitric oxide), sensory nerves and non-neuronal pathways. This is regulated by several pathways including the sympathetic nervous system, local chemical mediators (e.g. ![]() Vasoconstriction is a normal physiological response to cold temperature to maintain core body temperature. Regulation of skin blood vessels is complex, involving the nervous system, chemical mediators and non-neuronal pathways.
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